Batrachoides surinamensis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

Pacuma toadfish

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Batrachoidiformes \| Batrachoididae
Synonyms	Batrachus surinamensis, ... more
Common names	Poisson guyanais, Sapo guayanes, Sapo guayanés, ... more

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Image of Batrachoides surinamensis (Pacuma toadfish)

Picture by Carvalho Filho, A.

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This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.

AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Collette, B.B. 1978. (Ref. 3273)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator : Collette, Bruce B. | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 57.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3273); common length : 35.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3273); max. published weight: 2,300 g (Ref. 5217)

Length at first maturity

L_m 22.50

Environment

Demersal; brackish; marine; depth range ? - 36 m (Ref. 13608)

Climate / Range

Tropical

Western Central Atlantic: Honduras to Salvador (Bahia) in Brazil.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 28 - 30; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 25 - 27. Supraorbital and interorbital region smooth, without any filament; scaled area on head extending to middle of eye and opercle spine; 9 discrete pores on inner face of pectoral fin; body brown, with black spots and saddle-shaped blotches (Ref. 13608).

Mainly in brackish water (Ref. 5217). Found on sandy-muddy bottoms in shallow warm water. Not so active, lingers over the substrate disguised. Feeds on small gastropod mollusks, crustaceans like crabs (Calappidae, Portunidae, Xanthidae, etc.), shrimps (Penaeidae, Palaemonidae, Alphaeidae, etc.) and fishes. Females are mature at around 20 cm length, males at 25 cm. Spawns 400 to 500 eggs, with a size of 4 to 5 mm (Ref. 35237). Marketed fresh.


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

Tools
Biogeographic modelling \| E-book \| Field guide \| Identification keys \| Length-frequency wizard \| Life-history tool \| Point map

Special reports
Check for Aquarium maintenance \| Check for Species Fact Sheets \| Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos

Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)

PD₅₀ = 0.5020

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
High vulnerability (60 of 100)	Not marketed/unknown

Entered by Luna, Susan M.

Modified by Casal, Christine Marie V.

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